Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this study, carbon-silica based acid catalysts derived from rice husks (RH) were successfully synthesised using microwave (MW) technology. The results showed that MW sulphonation produced Sulphur (S) content of 17.2–18.5 times higher than in raw RH. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) peak at 1035 cm?1 which corresponded to O?S?O stretching sulphonic (-SO3H) group. XRD sulfonated RH (SRHCs) have amorphous structure, and through SEM, broadening the voids also formation pores is observed. RH600 had highest surface area 14.52 m2/g. SRHCs high catalytic activity for esterification oleic with methanol initial rate (6.33 mmol L?1 min?1) yield (97%). reusability catalyst gradually dropped product every recycle, might be due leaching –SO3H. Finally, oil recovered palm mill effluent (POME) achieved a conversion 87.3% free fatty acids (FFA) into methyl esters (FAME).
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Hazardous Materials
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1873-3336', '0304-3894']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124092